There are tables for the level of evidence, the synthesis of the results, and the review of the literature.
Valid and trustworthy information on what is or is not likely to damage patients and the approaches to care that are cost-effective is required for nurses to protect public health and deliver high-quality services.
Evaluation Table
Use this document to complete the evaluation table requirement of the Module 4 Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, Part 4A: Critical Appraisal of Research
| Full citation of the selected article | Article #1 | Article #2 | Article #3 | Article #4 |
| Ford, C., & Park, L. J. (2018). Hand hygiene and handwashing: key to preventing the transfer of pathogens. British Journal of Nursing, 27(20), 1164–1166. | Hovi, T., Ollgren, J., & Savolainen-Kopra, C. (2017). Intensified hand-hygiene campaign including soap-and-water wash may prevent acute infections in office workers, as shown by a recognized-exposure -adjusted analysis of a randomized trial. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17, 1–9 | Kingston, L. M., O, C. N. H., & Dunne, C. P. (2018). A comparative study of hand hygiene and alcohol-based hand rub use among Irish nursing and medical students. Nurse Education Today, 63, 112–118. | Halm, M., & Sandau, K. (2018). Skin Impact of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs Vs Handwashing. American Journal of Critical Care, 27(4), 334–337. | |
| Conceptual Framework Describe the theoretical basis for the study | Not provided | Not provided | Not provided | Not provided |
| Design/ Method Describe the design and how the study was carried out | Design- Clinical practice guidelinesMethod-clinical guidelines based on the review of literature of hand hygiene and handwashing by NICE, WHO and other studies. | Design-Randomized control trial
Method-1270 people from designated clusters were randomized to two different interventions (either the use of alcohol hand-rubs or water and soap). NURS 6052 Week 6-7 Assignment Critical Appraisal Tools. On a weekly basis self-reported data of GTI and RTI symptoms were collected through emails. The multilevel binary regression model was used to analyze data. |
Design-Observational cross-sectional designMethod-a questionnaire was administered electronically to 872 medical and nursing students in a university and outcome data analysed using relevant software. | Design- Systematic review Method- a comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases of MEDLINE and CINAHL using the keywords: contact dermatitis, handwashing, dermatitis and hand hygiene. |
| Sample/ Setting The number and characteristics of patients, the attrition rate, etc. | Step by step clinical guidelines on how to maintain hand hygiene and to conduct handwashing in the clinical setting. | 1270 people from designated clusters were randomized to two different interventions (either the use of alcohol hand-rubs or water and soap). | 323 medical and nursing students responded to online questionnaires on the barriers to adherence to hand hygiene guidelines. | 3 studies which assessed the impact of handwashing vs. alcohol-based handrubs on the skin were reviewed. |
| Major Variables Studied List and define dependent and independent variables | Dependent variable-none Independent variable-none | Dependent variable-RTI and GTI symptoms Independent variable-alcohol hand rubs, water and soap | Dependent variables-body fluid exposure, patient surrounding Independent variable– alcohol hand rubs, use of soap and water | Dependent variable-dermatitis
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